When Nayeeb Bukele took over the Presidency in El Salvador in 2019, the country was plagued with gang violence. He imposed a state of exception to tackle the gang violence that allowed security forces to use extra-judicial power such as searching and detaining people without warrants. Bukele's plan brought the murder rate from 4 per day to less than 1 per day in 2 years. As of February 2024, more than 75,000 people have been detained in El Salvador under the state of exception, the total number amounts to close to 2 percent of the entire Salvadoran population behind bars.

A plea bargain is an agreement between the accused and the prosecutor in a criminal case where the accused agrees to plead guilty in exchange for a lenient sentence and/or a less serious charge.

De-extinction is the process of creating an organism which is - or greatly resembles - a member of an extinct species. Cloning is the most widely proposed method, although genome editing and selective breeding have also been considered.

Dark tourism has been defined as tourism involving travel to places historically associated with death and tragedy.

Manchester City, the most successful English football team of the last decade, is owned by Sheikh Mansour, the deputy prime minister of the United Arab Emirates, and vice chairman of Abu Dhabi’s sovereign wealth fund. The club has been charged with 115 counts of fraud due to violating financial fair play regulations, including allegations of financial misreporting, undisclosed remuneration, and lack of cooperation with the investigation. If the club is found to be guilty, they will be stripped of all their championships and might also get demoted to the second tier of English football. The UAE government is believed to have lobbied the UK government to acquit Manchester City of the charges.

For the purposes of this debate, "national sports scholarship" refers to scholarships that countries give to foreign athletes at a young age to come to that country to study and train, in exchange for gaining citizenship in that country and representing that country internationally.

For the purposes of this debate, reproductive labour refers to work required to sustain human life and future generations. Examples include work by babysitters, domestic helpers, or people (often women) who cooked and cleaned to sustain protest movements.

For the purposes of this debate, academisation refers to the prominence of academic discourse, figures, and structures in society (e.g. increasing use of terms such as "kiriarchy" and "patriarchal bargain," references to writers like Butler and Rich, number of Gender Studies courses being offered in universities, etc.)

Capitation is a system of healthcare financing where a person pays a fixed subscription every year until their death for the delivery of healthcare services, regardless of the actual services or number of services utilised by the patient. It is often raised in contrast to the fee for-service (FFS) payment model in which healthcare providers charge separately for each service they perform

Shūshin koyō is a lifetime employment system, where employees are chosen for their potential rather than skills or training, and companies are perceived as responsible for cultivating their human capital. Examples include: corporate culture such as firms training and promoting employees to fill higher managerial positions rather than hiring external specialists, and a strong emphasis on loyalty by both employees and employers even in times of economic downturn

Following the arrest (2021) and subsequent conviction (2023) of
Alvin Chau, CEO of the prominent casino junket operator company
Suncity Group, for alleged illegal cross-border casino operations and
money laundering, Macau and the Chinese government have
intensified regulations on the casino industry. These measures
include shortening the duration of business licenses from 20 to 10
years, raising the minimum initial capital required to establish a
business, and prohibiting certain VIP-oriented gambling models.

On the 30th of May 2024, former United States President Donald
Trump has been found guilty on all 34 felony counts of falsifying
business records in relation to a hush-money payment made to adult
film star Stormy Daniels leading up to the 2016 presidential election.
Trump faces a maximum sentence of four years in prison for each
felony (sentencing decision is on July 11). He could also receive a
fine, probation or community service.

Chinese new villages were created in the Malayan Emergency as de
facto concentration camps for Chinese civilians who the British
suspected of aiding the Malayan Communist Party. The Selangor
state government recently proposed applying for UNESCO status
for the villages, before retracting this proposal due to mixed
reactions from the Malay and Chinese communities.

The Dalai Lama is a title given to the spiritual leader of the Gelug
school, the newest and most dominant of the schools of Tibetan
Buddhism. The incumbent 14th Dalai Lama is known for his work in
overcoming sectarian divisions and representing unified Buddhist
values and traditions. After the annexation of Tibet by the People's
Republic of China, he escaped to India after the failed 1959 Tibetan
uprising, where he continues to live in exile while remaining the
spiritual leader of Tibet.

Traditionally, the Dalai Lama is believed by adherents to
be able to choose the body into which he is reincarnated, and upon
his death, a search for the Lama’s reincarnation is conducted
alongside a consultation with his personal oracle. The Chinese
Communist Party has stated its intention to be the ultimate authority
on the selection of the next Dalai Lama, and have even enshrined
this right into Chinese law.

The New Atheism movement emerged in the early 21st century,
advocating a more outspoken and aggressive criticism of religious
beliefs and practices. Prominent figures associated with New
Atheism include Richard Dawkins, Sam Harris, Christopher
Hitchens, and Daniel Dennett, who argue for the superiority of
scientific reasoning over religious faith

Many religions include artefacts that are claimed to be historically
sacred, e.g. Buddha relics, bones of Catholic saints, the Holy Grail.
You are a religious leader who has discovered a test that can
definitively verify the authenticity of any artefact.

In 1978, 85% of Singapore's Chinese population spoke dialects at home instead of Mandarin. The Singapore government believed that this inhibited their bilingual policy for all Chinese students to learn both English and Mandarin, and thus implemented the Speak Mandarin Campaign, banning dialects on almost all media and encouraging the use of Mandarin in everyday conversation. Today, only 16% of Chinese Singaporeans speak dialects at home, although among young Singaporeans today, more households speak English as a first language than Mandarin. (Non-Chinese students also had to be bilingual, in English and their "mother tongue"

Cosmicism is a philosophy coined by H. P. Lovecraft that says the universe is huge and mysterious, and the values, capabilities, and beliefs of humans are tiny and insignificant in comparison. Examples include Darkest Dungeon, Rick and Morty, Warhammer 40k, and Get Out.

Kink at Pride refers to the inclusion of explicit BDSM elements and attire in LGBTQ+ Pride events. Some examples of Kink at Pride events might include participants wearing provocative leather or latex outfits, public displays of flogging during parades, and consensual impact play like spanking.

There is a world where the state assigns the professions and vocations of all individuals. In this world, the state has a machine that perfectly identifies individual's skills. It holistically considers them and gives the individual an answer on the job/career path that they will be best at. Once an individual uses this, they are not allowed by the state to take any other profession (that is, jobs from other fields will not be made available).